healdan – Old English verb conjugation

Old English verb forms of healdan

Infinitive

healdan
healdenne

Participles

Presenthealdende
Past(ġe)healden

Indicative

Present

1st sing.healde
2nd sing.hielst; hieltst
3rd sing.hielt
1st plur.healdaþ
2nd plur.healdaþ
3rd plur.healdaþ

Past

1st sing.hēold
2nd sing.hēolde
3rd sing.hēold
1st plur.hēoldon
2nd plur.hēoldon
3rd plur.hēoldon

Subjunctive

Present

1st sing.healde
2nd sing.healde
3rd sing.healde
1st plur.healden
2nd plur.healden
3rd plur.healden

Past

1st sing.hēolde
2nd sing.hēolde
3rd sing.hēolde
1st plur.hēolden
2nd plur.hēolden
3rd plur.hēolden

Imperative

Singularheald
Pluralhealdaþ

Verbs conjugated like 'healdan'

healdan,

Etymology

1. From Proto-West Germanic *haldan, from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to watch, look after”).
2. Cognate with Old Frisian halda (West Frisian hâlde), Old Saxon haldan (Low German holen), Old Dutch haldan (Dutch houden), Old High German haltan (German halten), Old Norse halda (Swedish hålla, Danish holde), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (haldan). See: Proto-Germanic '*haldaną', Old Saxon 'haldan', Low Saxon 'holen', Dutch 'houden', Old High German 'haltan', German, old spelling 'halten', Swedish 'hålla', Danish 'holde'.

Verbs referencing "healdan"

English hold, Old High German haltan, Middle English holden, Scots haud, Old English geholian, English forehold, Old Saxon haldan.

Sample Sentences

  • Old English Heptateuch, Genesis 4:9 (...should I watch over my brother?)
  • c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Nativiity of Our Lord"
  • Ðyllīce word María hēold ārǣfniġende on hire heortan. (Such words Mary held, pondering them in her heart.)
  • Iċ… hlūde ċirme, healde mīne wīsan, hlēoþre ne mīþe,… (I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…) [10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 8:]
  • c. 994, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year
  • Rōmanisc̄e lēodan ongynnað heora ġēar æfter hǣðenum ġewunan on winterlīċere tīde. Ebrei healdað heora geares annginn on lenctenlīcre emnihte. Đā Grēcisċan onginnað hyra ġēar æt ðām sunnstede; ⁊ ða Egiptisċan on hærfest. (The Roman people begin theirs, after the heathen custom, in the winter time. The Hebrews observe the beginning of their year on the vernal equinox. The Greeks begin their year at the solstice; and the Egyptians in the fall.)

Cognates

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