Infinitives
| Infinitive I | toipudak |
| Infinitive II | toipudë |
Supine
toipuma
Verbal Noun
toipuminën
Participles
| Active Present | toipuba |
| Passive Present | toipudapa; toibuttapa |
| Active Past | toipunut |
| Passive Past | toipudu; toibuttu |
Indicative
Present
| Sg.1 | toibun |
| Sg.2 | toibut |
| Sg.3 | toipubi; toipu |
| Pl.1 | toibukma |
| Pl.2 | toibukta |
| Pl.3 | toipubat; toipu |
Past
| Sg.1 | toibuin |
| Sg.2 | toibuit |
| Sg.3 | toipui |
| Pl.1 | toipuima |
| Pl.2 | toipuida |
| Pl.3 | toipui |
Present
| Passive | toibuksën; toibut'aksën; toipudapa; toibuttapa |
| Connegative | toibuk |
| Passive Connegative | toibuktak |
Past
| Passive | toipudisën; toibuttisën; toipudu; toibuttu |
Imperative
| Sg.2 | toibuk |
| Sg.3 | toipugasën |
| Pl.1 | toipugatëma |
| Pl.2 | toipugata |
| Pl.3 | toipugasën |
Optative
| Sg.1 | toipugon |
| Sg.2 | toipugos |
| Sg.3 | toipugosën |
| Pl.1 | toipugotëma |
| Pl.2 | toipugotta |
| Pl.3 | toipugosën |
Imperative
| Passive | toipudakahën; toibuttakahën |
| Connegative | toipugak |
| Passive Connegative | toipudagak; toibuttagak |
Optative
| Passive | toipudakohën; toibuttakohën |
| Connegative | toipugok |
| Passive Connegative | toipudagok; toibuttagok |
Conditional I
| Sg.1 | toibukcin |
| Sg.2 | toibukcit |
| Sg.3 | toibukci |
| Pl.1 | toibukcima |
| Pl.2 | toibukcita |
| Pl.3 | toibukci |
Conditional II
| Sg.1 | toipuicin |
| Sg.2 | toipuicit |
| Sg.3 | toipuici |
| Pl.1 | toipuicima |
| Pl.2 | toipuicita |
| Pl.3 | toipuici |
Conditional I
| Passive | toipudakcihën; toibut'akcihën |
| Connegative | toibukcik |
| Passive Connegative | toipudakcik; toibut'akcik |
Conditional II
| Passive | toipudicihën; toibutticihën |
| Connegative | toipuicik |
| Passive Connegative | toipudicik; toibutticik |
Potential
| Sg.1 | toipunën |
| Sg.2 | toipunët |
| Sg.3 | toipuni |
| Pl.1 | toipunëma |
| Pl.2 | toipunëta |
| Pl.3 | toipuni |
Potential
| Passive | toipudanëhën; toibuttanëhën |
| Connegative | toipunëk |
| Passive Connegative | toipudanëk; toibuttanëk |
Etymology
1. From *toi- + *-pudak. Akin to *toittadak (“to provide (for)”), which gave Estonian toitma (“to feed”), Livonian tuoitõ (“to provide (for)”) and Finnish toittaa (“(dialectal) to affect”).
2. No further etymology is known. Possibly also connected with *toimi, which has multiple theories. The root is also seemingly found in Finnish tointua (“to regain consciousness”), Ingrian tointaa (“to be worthwhile”) and Karelian tointaa (“id.”), but the final two may be derived from *toimi instead. In that case, they may have inspired affix substitution, resulting in a new family of words that can ultimately be traced back to *toimi. See: Estonian '
toitma', Livonian '
tuoitõ', Finnish with old forms '
toittaa', Finnish with old forms '
tointua'.
Sample Sentences