Nominal Forms
Infinitive:
vera; vesa; være
Present participle:
verandi
Past participle:
verit
The Verbix conjugation routines for
Old Norse
are under construction. Therefore, there might be errors and incomplete inflections. Thank you for your patience!
Cognates
-
Indicative
Present
| ek | em |
| þú | ert; est |
| hann | er; es |
| vér | erum |
| þér | eruð |
| þeir | eru |
Past
| ek | var |
| þú | vart |
| hann | var |
| vér | várum |
| þér | váruð |
| þeir | váru |
Subjunctive
Present
| ek | sjá |
| þú | sér |
| hann | sé |
| vér | sém |
| þér | séð |
| þeir | sé |
Past
| ek | væra |
| þú | værir |
| hann | væri |
| vér | værim |
| þér | værið |
| þeir | væri |
Verbs similar to 'vesa'
vera,
bera,
gefa,
mega,
reisa,
vaka,
velja,
vita,
æpa,
bíta,
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-. Compare Latin Vesta (“goddess of the hearth”), Sanskrit वसति (vásati, “dwell”). Some forms are suppletive and instead derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Evolved to younger variant vera. The form est could be explained by the etymology which Prokosch and Noreen offer (the original second person singular es + -t from the analogy of preterite-present verbs and/or the accretion of the second person singular nominative personal pronoun). The resemblance of these forms to the present plural forms erum, eruð, eru is probably coincidence; the vowel /e/ of the Old Norse forms is better accounted for if these are descended from Proto-Germanic *izum etc. with Old Norse lowering of *i > e _*R (< *z). See: Proto-Germanic '
*wesaną', Sanskrit '
वसति', Proto-Indo-European '
*h₁ésti'.