Nominal Forms
Verb noun:
caledu
Verbal adjectives:
calededig; caledadwy
Indicative
Present / Future
| Sg.1 | caledaf |
| Sg.2 | caledi |
| Sg.3 | caleda |
| Pl.1 | caledwn |
| Pl.2 | caledwch |
| Pl.3 | caledant |
| Impersonal | caledir |
Preterite
| Sg.1 | caledais |
| Sg.2 | caledaist |
| Sg.3 | caledodd |
| Pl.1 | caledasom |
| Pl.2 | caledasoch |
| Pl.3 | caledasant |
| Impersonal | caledwyd |
Pluperfect
| Sg.1 | caledaswn |
| Sg.2 | caledasit |
| Sg.3 | caledasai |
| Pl.1 | caledasem |
| Pl.2 | caledasech |
| Pl.3 | caledasent |
| Impersonal | caledasid; caledesid |
Imperfect (Indicative/Subjunctive)
| Sg.1 | caledwn |
| Sg.2 | caledit |
| Sg.3 | caledai |
| Pl.1 | caledem |
| Pl.2 | caledech |
| Pl.3 | caledent |
| Impersonal | caledid |
Subjunctive
Present
| Sg.1 | caledwyf |
| Sg.2 | caledych |
| Sg.3 | caledo |
| Pl.1 | caledom |
| Pl.2 | caledoch |
| Pl.3 | caledont |
| Impersonal | caleder |
Imperative
| Sg.2 | caleda |
| Sg.3 | caleded |
| Pl.1 | caledwn |
| Pl.2 | caledwch |
| Pl.3 | caledent |
| Impersonal | caleder |
Colloquial Forms
Future
| Sg.1 | caleda i; caledaf i |
| Sg.2 | caledi di |
| Sg.3 | caledith o; calediff e |
| Pl.1 | caledwn ni |
| Pl.2 | caledwch chi |
| Pl.3 | caledan nhw |
Preterite
| Sg.1 | caledais i; caledes i |
| Sg.2 | caledaist ti; caledest ti |
| Sg.3 | caledodd o |
| Pl.1 | caledon ni |
| Pl.2 | caledoch chi |
| Pl.3 | caledon nhw |
Conditional
| Sg.1 | caledwn i; caledswn i |
| Sg.2 | caledet ti; caledset ti |
| Sg.3 | caledai fo; caledsai fo |
| Pl.1 | caleden ni; caledsen ni |
| Pl.2 | caledech chi; caledsech chi |
| Pl.3 | caleden nhw; caledsen nhw |
Verbs conjugated like 'caledu'
adnewyddu,
sathru,
saethu,
arbelydru,
gwrthwynebu,
pelydru,
merthyru,
datgelu,
sefydlu,
addunedu,
disbyddu,
dadocsigenu,
trafferthu,
atgenhedlu,
diogelu,
diddymu,
dirmygu,
efengylu,
gwanychu,
cenhedlu, etc. (List truncated at 20 verbs)
Verbs similar to 'caledu'
credu,
lledu,
teledu,
achlesu,
ageru,
anelu,
asesu,
baeddu,
cachu,
cadw,
Translations
Etymology
From caled (“hard; rough, cruel”) + -u.
Additional Information