Nominal Forms
Verb noun:
cael; caffael; caffel
Verbal adjectives:
caffaeledig; caffaeladwy
Indicative
Present / Future
| Sg.1 | caf |
| Sg.2 | cei |
| Sg.3 | caiff |
| Pl.1 | cawn |
| Pl.2 | cewch |
| Pl.3 | cânt |
| Impersonal | ceir |
Preterite
| Sg.1 | cefais; ces |
| Sg.2 | cefaist; cest |
| Sg.3 | cafodd; cas; cadd |
| Pl.1 | cawsom |
| Pl.2 | cawsoch |
| Pl.3 | cawsant |
| Impersonal | cafwyd; caed; cad |
Pluperfect
| Sg.1 | cawswn |
| Sg.2 | cawsit |
| Sg.3 | cawsai |
| Pl.1 | cawsem |
| Pl.2 | cawsech |
| Pl.3 | cawsent |
| Impersonal | cawsid |
Imperfect (Indicative/Subjunctive)
Subjunctive
Present
| Sg.1 | caffwyf |
| Sg.2 | ceffych |
| Sg.3 | caffo |
| Pl.1 | caffom |
| Pl.2 | caffoch |
| Pl.3 | caffont |
| Impersonal | caffer |
Imperative
| Sg.3 | caffed; caed |
| Pl.3 | caffent; caent |
| Impersonal | caffer; caer |
Colloquial Forms
Future
| Sg.1 | caf i; ca i |
| Sg.2 | cei di |
| Sg.3 | ceith o; caiff e |
| Pl.1 | cawn ni; cewn ni |
| Pl.2 | cewch chi |
| Pl.3 | cân nhw; cewn nhw |
Preterite
| Sg.1 | ces i; cetho i |
| Sg.2 | cest ti |
| Sg.3 | caeth o; cafodd o; cas e |
| Pl.1 | caethon ni; cafon ni; cawson ni; ceson ni |
| Pl.2 | caethoch chi; cafoch chi; cawsoch chi; cesoch chi |
| Pl.3 | caethon nhw; cafon nhw; cawson nhw; ceson nhw |
Conditional
| Sg.1 | cawn i; celwn i; celen i |
| Sg.2 | caet ti; celet ti |
| Sg.3 | câi fo; celai fe |
| Pl.1 | caen ni; celen ni |
| Pl.2 | caech chi; celech chi |
| Pl.3 | caen nhw; celen nhw |
Verbs conjugated like 'cael'
cael,
Verbs similar to 'cael'
Translations
can, may
have, to partake of something
have, to experience, go through
have, give birth to
may, have permission to
receive, to take what is offered, accept from another
Etymology
1. A complex, suppletive merger of two separate Celtic verbs into one paradigm.
2. * The forms outside of the present first-person singular that contain an -f- or -ff-, and also cas, come from Middle Welsh caffael, from Old Welsh cephitor (pres. impersonal) and cepi (pres. 2sg.), from Proto-Brythonic *kėβɨd, from Proto-Celtic *gabyeti (“to take”). Compare Cornish kavos and Breton kavout.
3. * The other forms without an -f- or -ff- (and pres. 1sg. caf) are from Middle Welsh cael, from Old Welsh ci (pres. 2sg.), from Proto-Brythonic *kėɣɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kageti (“to get”), a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kagʰ- (“to hold”). See: Cornish '
kavos', Breton '
kavout'.
Verbs referencing "cael"
Latin
capio, Breton
kavout.
Additional Information