Nominal Forms
Verb noun:
bod
Verbal adjectives:
bodedig; bodadwy
Indicative
Present / Future
Preterite
| Sg.1 | bûm |
| Sg.2 | buost |
| Sg.3 | bu; o |
| Pl.1 | buom |
| Pl.2 | buoch |
| Pl.3 | buont; buant |
| Impersonal | buwyd |
Pluperfect
| Sg.1 | buaswn |
| Sg.2 | buasit |
| Sg.3 | buasai |
| Pl.1 | buasem |
| Pl.2 | buasech |
| Pl.3 | buasent |
| Impersonal | buasid; buesid |
Imperfect (Indicative/Subjunctive)
Subjunctive
Present
| Sg.1 | bwyf; byddwyf |
| Sg.2 | bych; byddych; byddech |
| Sg.3 | bo; byddo |
| Pl.1 | bôm; byddom |
| Pl.2 | boch; byddoch |
| Pl.3 | bônt; byddont |
| Impersonal | bydder |
Imperative
| Sg.2 | bydd; bydda |
| Sg.3 | bydded; boed; bid |
| Pl.1 | byddwn |
| Pl.2 | byddwch |
| Pl.3 | byddent |
| Impersonal | bydder |
Colloquial Forms
Future
| Sg.1 | bydda i; ’dda i |
| Sg.2 | byddi di |
| Sg.3 | bydd e; o |
| Pl.1 | byddwn ni |
| Pl.2 | byddwch chi |
| Pl.3 | byddan nhw |
Preterite
| Sg.1 | bues i |
| Sg.2 | buest ti |
| Sg.3 | buodd e |
| Pl.1 | buon ni |
| Pl.2 | buoch chi |
| Pl.3 | buon nhw |
Conditional
| Sg.1 | byddwn i; baswn i; swn i |
| Sg.2 | byddet ti; baset ti; set ti |
| Sg.3 | byddai fe; basai fe; sa fo; se fe |
| Pl.1 | bydden ni; basen ni; sen ni |
| Pl.2 | byddech chi; basech chi; sech chi |
| Pl.3 | bydden nhw; basen nhw; sen nhw |
Verbs conjugated like 'bod'
bod,
Verbs similar to 'bod'
boddi,
codi,
dodi,
nodi,
odi,
addo,
amodi,
arbed,
aros,
bodoli,
Translations
have, to possess
have, auxiliary used in forming the perfect and the past perfect tenses
must, be required to
must, said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
Etymology
1. From Middle Welsh bot, from Proto-Brythonic *bod, from Proto-Celtic *butā (cf. Cornish bos, Breton bout), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be, become”); all the b- initial forms are from the same root. The vowel-initial forms as well as sy(dd) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).
2. The present-progressive forms with yd- (ydwyf, etc.), and hence the colloquial present-affirmative forms with d- (dw, etc.), are from the affirmative particle yd. Colloquial affirmative forms with r- (rwyt, roeddwn, etc.) are from the affirmative particle yr. Colloquial negative forms with d- (dydw, does, doeddwn, etc.) are from the negative particle nid.
3. The third-person singular present mae originally meant ‘here is’ and is from the same source as yma (“here”) plus Proto-Celtic *esti. The third-person plural maent (colloquial maen) is derived from the singular by adding the third-person plural verb ending -nt.
4. Counterfactual forms such as petaswn and taswn are from univerbation with pe (“if”) + yd (affirmative particle). See: Cornish '
bos', Breton '
bout'.
Verbs referencing "bod"
Cornish
bos, Breton
bezañ.
Additional Information