Etymology
1. O.E.
hyttan "come upon, meet with," from O.N.
hitta "to light upon, meet with," from P.Gmc.
*khitjanan. Meaning shifted in late O.E. period to "strike," via "to reach with a blow or missile," and replaced O.E.
slean in this sense. Noun meaning "successful play, song, person," etc. first recorded 1811, from verb meaning "to hit the mark, succeed" (c.1400). Underworld slang meaning "to kill by plan" is 1955 (n. is from 1970). Meaning "dose of narcotic" is 1951, from phrases like
hit the bottle "drink alcohol" (1889). Original sense survives in phrases such as
hit it off (1780) and
hit on (1970s). To
hit the nail on the head (1574) is from archery.
Hit the road "leave" is from 1873; to
hit (someone) up "request something" is from 1917.
Hit and run is 1899 as a baseball play, 1924 as a driver failing to stop at a crash he caused. To
not know what hit (one) is from 1923.
2. Etymology tree
3. Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd-der.
4. Proto-Indo-European *kh₂id-néh₂-ti
5. Proto-Germanic *hittijaną
6. Old Norse hittader.
7. Old English hyttan
8. Middle English hitten
9. English hit
10. Inherited from Middle English hitten (“to hit, strike, make contact with”), from Old English hittan (“to meet with, come upon, fall in with”), from Old Norse hitta (“to strike, meet”), from Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon, find”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall; fall upon; hit; cut; hew”).
11. Cognates
12. Cognate with West Frisian hitte (“to meet”), Dutch hitten (“to hit, encounter”), Danish hitte (“to find”), Faroese, Icelandic, Swedish hitta (“to meet”), Norwegian Nynorsk hitta, hitte (“to meet; to find”), Latin caedō (“to kill”), Albanian qit (“to hit, throw, pull out, release”). Probably also related to Dutch hei (“mallet”), German Heie (“wooden hammer, mallet”).
13. (something very successful): Compare typologically striking, Russian порази́тельный (porazítelʹnyj) (<~ порази́ть (porazítʹ) <~ рази́ть (razítʹ)). See: Middle English '
hitten', Middle English '
hitten', Proto-Germanic '
*hittijaną', Dutch '
hitten', Danish '
hitte', Swedish '
hitta', Norwegian, nynorsk '
hitta', Latin '
caedō'.
Verbs referencing "hit"
Danish
hitte, Thai
ฮิต, Finnish with old forms
hitata.