krusts – Latvian noun declension

Noun: krusts
Hyphenation:

Gender: Masculine Declension:

Singular

Nominative	krusts
Accusative	krustu
Genitive	krusta
Dative	krustam
Instrumental	krustu
Locative	krustā
Vocative	krust

Plural

Nominative	krusti
Accusative	krustus
Genitive	krustu
Dative	krustiem
Instrumental	krustiem
Locative	krustos
Vocative	krusti

Sample Sentences

mirt pie krusta (to die on the cross)
nāve pie krusta (death on the cross)
katram savs krusts jānes (each has his own cross to bear)
nedod dievs kādu krustu! (may god not give such hardship (lit. cross))
koka, marmora, zelta krusts (wooden, marmor, golden cross)
kapa krusts (grave cross)
apzīmēt ar krustu, ar krusta zīmi (to make the sign of the cross)
(pār)mest, (aiz)mest krustu (to make (lit. throw) the sign of the cross)
esmu apbalvots ar dzelzs krustu un citiem ordeņiem (I was awarded the iron cross and other medals)
ķeltu krusts (the Celtic cross)
Maltas krusts (the Maltese cross)
ugunskrusts, kāškrusts (swastika (lit. fire cross, hook(ed) cross))
krusta velve (groin (lit. cross) vault)
krusta astotnieks (eight of clubs)

Nouns inflected like krusts

gredzens, greznums, sniegs, salāts, sakars, diftongs, smaids, sonets, sivēns, dienests, piecnieks, skudrs, skvērs, skaits, pacients, vilciens, realizējums, skatiens, izskats, spoguļattēls, etc. (List truncated at 20 nouns)

Etymology

Borrowed from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ) (compare Russian крест (krest)) (from Old High German Christ (“Christ”)), which regularly yielded Latvian dialectal krists. The u of the standard Latvian form krusts, however, is not obviously explainable. There are several theories: contamination of Latin crux (“cross”) and Christus (words that Latvians would often hear in Latin in church), influence of Old East Slavic *кръстъ (*krŭstŭ), an earlier borrowing from Old Norse kross (with an open o which old Baltic dialects would have borrowed as u); or perhaps no borrowing (krusts might come from an old Proto-Indo-European word cognate with Latin crux). See: Russian Nouns 'крест', Latin Nouns 'crux', Latin Nouns 'crux'.