krēsls – Latvian noun declension

Noun: krēsls
Hyphenation:

Gender: Masculine Declension:

Singular

Nominative	krēsls
Accusative	krēslu
Genitive	krēsla
Dative	krēslam
Instrumental	krēslu
Locative	krēslā
Vocative	krēsl

Plural

Nominative	krēsli
Accusative	krēslus
Genitive	krēslu
Dative	krēsliem
Instrumental	krēsliem
Locative	krēslos
Vocative	krēsli

Sample Sentences

pīts krēsls (wicker chair)
meldru krēsls (rush, reed chair)
grozāmais krēsls (swivel chair)
saliekamais krēsls (folding chair)
atpūtas krēsls (armchair (lit. resting chair))
atzveltnes krēsls (chair with a large backrest (lit. backrest chair))
goda krēsls (honor chair (where the honor guest will sit))
stomatoloģiskais krēsls (dentist's chair)
elektriskais krēsls (electric chair (for executing criminals))
bikts krēsls (confession chair, confessional)
Svētais Krēsls (Holy See (lit. Holy Chair, which the Pope sits on))
māte atkrita krēslā un aizsedza vaigu ar priekšautu (mother fell into the chair and hid her face in (her) apron)
Andrejs un Milda lēni atlaidās mīkstajos krēslos, lai gan sēdēt nemaz negribējās (Andrejs and Milda slowly sat down on the soft (arm)chairs, though they did not feel at all like sitting)
jumta krēsls (roof chair (= truss))

Nouns inflected like krēsls

gredzens, greznums, sniegs, salāts, sakars, diftongs, smaids, sonets, sivēns, dienests, piecnieks, skudrs, skvērs, skaits, pacients, vilciens, realizējums, skatiens, izskats, spoguļattēls, etc. (List truncated at 20 nouns)

Etymology

1. Some researchers consider this word borrowed from Slavic, where a possible Proto-Slavic *krěslo could be related to *krosno (“loom, weaving frame”), the rectangular form of which is reminiscent of chairs. Other researchers, pointing out that this would not explain the number of cognate formations in Baltic (e.g., dialectal Latvian kreslis (“removable sleigh backrest”), kreša (“little bench”), dialectal Lithuanian krãsė, kresė̃ (“chair”), krẽstas (“bench”)), suggest a Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla, from an earlier *kréˀslan, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m.
2. If not a borrowing, krēsls could come (via Proto-Baltic *krēs- with an extra l) from the same stem as the verb krest (“to shake”), older meaning “to braid, to weave” (for a link between the notions of “shaking” and “weaving,” see Old Norse hrista (“to shake”), Middle Low German risten (“to braid, to weave”)): Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret-, from *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”). The original meaning would then have been “woven object” (folk songs suggest that earlier chairs were indeed made by weaving wickers).
3. Cognates include Lithuanian krė́slas (“chair; chair with backrest; armchair”), Old Prussian creslan (“chair with backrest”), Russian кре́сло (kréslo, “armchair”), Bulgarian кресло́ (kresló, “armchair”), Czech křeslo (“armchair”), Polish krzesło (“chair”). See: Old Norse Nouns 'hrista', Czech Nouns 'křeslo', Polish Nouns 'krzesło'.