ciems – Latvian noun declension

Noun: ciems
Hyphenation:

Gender: Masculine Declension:

Singular

Nominative	ciems
Accusative	ciemu
Genitive	ciema
Dative	ciemam
Instrumental	ciemu
Locative	ciemā
Vocative	ciem

Plural

Nominative	ciemi
Accusative	ciemus
Genitive	ciemu
Dative	ciemiem
Instrumental	ciemiem
Locative	ciemos
Vocative	ciemi

Sample Sentences

Nouns inflected like ciems

gredzens, greznums, sniegs, salāts, sakars, diftongs, smaids, sonets, sivēns, dienests, piecnieks, skudrs, skvērs, skaits, pacients, vilciens, realizējums, skatiens, izskats, spoguļattēls, etc. (List truncated at 20 nouns)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeym- (“village, home”) (whence also saime (“family, household”), q.v.), from *ḱey-, *ḱoy- (“to be located; camp; abode”); the original meaning of ciems was thus “camp, encampment.” A parallel form *kaims (> kaimiņš (“neighbor”), q.v.) also existed. Since Proto-Indo-European *ḱ should yield Latvian *š > s, not c, it has been suggested that ciems and all its Baltic cognates descend from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“peace, quiet”), or result from a borrowing, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“village”); but there are rather many Baltic and Slavic words with irregular reflexes of *ḱ, which suggest dialectal differences or parallel forms (*ḱey-/*key-) already in Proto-Indo-European. Cognates include Lithuanian kiẽmas (“yard, rural house, village”), kai̇́mas (“village”), Old Prussian caymis (“village”), Sudovian aucima (“village”), Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“house, village”) (Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃 (haims, “village”), Old High German heim (“dwelling, house”), German Heim, English home), Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”) (compare κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie down”)) See: Gothic Nouns '𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃', German Nouns 'Heim', English Nouns 'home', Ancient Greek Nouns 'κώμη'.

Verbs referencing "ciems"

Finnish Nouns kaima.

Translations