Infinitives
| Infinitive I | tunkëdak |
| Infinitive II | tunkëdë |
Supine
tunkëma
Verbal Noun
tunkëminën
Participles
| Active Present | tunkëba |
| Passive Present | tunkëdapa; tungëttapa |
| Active Past | tunkënut |
| Passive Past | tunkëdu; tungëttu |
Indicative
Present
| Sg.1 | tungën |
| Sg.2 | tungët |
| Sg.3 | tunkëbi; tunki |
| Pl.1 | tungëkma |
| Pl.2 | tungëkta |
| Pl.3 | tunkëbat; tunki |
Past
| Sg.1 | tungin |
| Sg.2 | tungit |
| Sg.3 | tunki |
| Pl.1 | tunkima |
| Pl.2 | tunkida |
| Pl.3 | tunki |
Present
| Passive | tungëksën; tungët'aksën; tunkëdapa; tungëttapa |
| Connegative | tungëk |
| Passive Connegative | tungëktak |
Past
| Passive | tunkëdisën; tungëttisën; tunkëdu; tungëttu |
Imperative
| Sg.2 | tungëk |
| Sg.3 | tunkëgasën |
| Pl.1 | tunkëgatëma |
| Pl.2 | tunkëgata |
| Pl.3 | tunkëgasën |
Optative
| Sg.1 | tunkëgon |
| Sg.2 | tunkëgos |
| Sg.3 | tunkëgosën |
| Pl.1 | tunkëgotëma |
| Pl.2 | tunkëgotta |
| Pl.3 | tunkëgosën |
Imperative
| Passive | tunkëdakahën; tungëttakahën |
| Connegative | tunkëgak |
| Passive Connegative | tunkëdagak; tungëttagak |
Optative
| Passive | tunkëdakohën; tungëttakohën |
| Connegative | tunkëgok |
| Passive Connegative | tunkëdagok; tungëttagok |
Conditional I
| Sg.1 | tungëkcin |
| Sg.2 | tungëkcit |
| Sg.3 | tungëkci |
| Pl.1 | tungëkcima |
| Pl.2 | tungëkcita |
| Pl.3 | tungëkci |
Conditional II
| Sg.1 | tunkicin |
| Sg.2 | tunkicit |
| Sg.3 | tunkici |
| Pl.1 | tunkicima |
| Pl.2 | tunkicita |
| Pl.3 | tunkici |
Conditional I
| Passive | tunkëdakcihën; tungët'akcihën |
| Connegative | tungëkcik |
| Passive Connegative | tunkëdakcik; tungët'akcik |
Conditional II
| Passive | tunkëdicihën; tungëtticihën |
| Connegative | tunkicik |
| Passive Connegative | tunkëdicik; tungëtticik |
Potential
| Sg.1 | tunkënën |
| Sg.2 | tunkënët |
| Sg.3 | tunkëni |
| Pl.1 | tunkënëma |
| Pl.2 | tunkënëta |
| Pl.3 | tunkëni |
Potential
| Passive | tunkëdanëhën; tungëttanëhën |
| Connegative | tunkënëk |
| Passive Connegative | tunkëdanëk; tungëttanëk |
Etymology
Related to Proto-Samic *coŋkëtēk. According to Koivulehto, the term represents a borrowing from an older form of Proto-Germanic *þwinganą (whence German zwingen, Swedish tvinga). LÄGLOS however disputes this; Saarikivi instead suggests a possible connection with Komi-Zyrian чыгӧм (ćygöm) and Hungarian dug, suggesting inheritance from Proto-Finno-Ugric *tuŋke- or *čuŋke- (uncertain which is the original, or whether they are two separate words). See: German, old spelling '
zwingen', Swedish '
tvinga', Hungarian '
dug'.
Sample Sentences