Participles
| Present | hnossiende |
| Past | (ġe)hnossod |
Indicative
Present
| 1st sing. | hnossiġe |
| 2nd sing. | hnossast |
| 3rd sing. | hnossaþ |
| 1st plur. | hnossiaþ |
| 2nd plur. | hnossiaþ |
| 3rd plur. | hnossiaþ |
Past
| 1st sing. | hnossode |
| 2nd sing. | hnossodest |
| 3rd sing. | hnossode |
| 1st plur. | hnossodon |
| 2nd plur. | hnossodon |
| 3rd plur. | hnossodon |
Subjunctive
Present
| 1st sing. | hnossiġe |
| 2nd sing. | hnossiġe |
| 3rd sing. | hnossiġe |
| 1st plur. | hnossiġen |
| 2nd plur. | hnossiġen |
| 3rd plur. | hnossiġen |
Past
| 1st sing. | hnossode |
| 2nd sing. | hnossode |
| 3rd sing. | hnossode |
| 1st plur. | hnossoden |
| 2nd plur. | hnossoden |
| 3rd plur. | hnossoden |
Imperative
| Singular | hnossa |
| Plural | hnossiaþ |
Verbs conjugated like 'hnossian'
cnossian,
hwisprian,
hwistlian,
sagian,
sacian,
sadian,
solian,
siwian,
sipian,
yrsian,
myrþrian,
fuglian,
fundian,
fulwian,
fullian,
leornian,
borcian,
borgian,
beorhtian,
wohhian, etc. (List truncated at 20 verbs)
Verbs similar to 'hnossian'
cnossian,
hlosnian,
horsian,
blissian,
brosnian,
cnocian,
cnyssan,
costian,
essian,
feorsian,
Etymology
1. Cognate to Old High German zerchnusen, Middle Low German knūsen, Old Norse knúsa, Norwegian knusa, Swedish knusa (knosa, knösa), Danish knuse (“to smush”) (cf. Icelandic knúsa (“to hug”)), to a broad Germanic *knu-/*hnu- stem for 'pounding' and other action words, such as English knead, here with an s-expansion also seen in Old Norse nista, nesta, Danish næste (“to tack, to sew together”), Swedish nysta (“to clew, to roll yarn into a ball”), Old Norse hnoss (“ornament”).
2. Also to the stem includes: Proto-Germanic *hnudōną (“to pound”), *hneudaną (“to hammer”), *hneupaną (“to tear”); ultimately related to English knot and knob. See: Swedish '
knusa', Danish '
knuse', Icelandic '
knúsa', English '
knead', Danish '
næste', Swedish '
nysta', Proto-Germanic '
*hnudōną', English '
knot'.
Sample Sentences
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…ac mec hnossiað homera lāfa, heardecg heoroscearp, hondweorc smiþa bītað in burgum; (…but remains of hammers strike me, harsh edge of sharp sword, handiworks of smiths bite in boroughs;) [10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 5:]
Cognates
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