Adjective: helvus
Hyphenation:
Declension: First, Second
Nominative
| Singular masc. | helvus |
| Singular fem. | helva |
| Singular neut. | helvum |
| Plural masc. | helvī |
| Plural fem. | helvae |
| Plural neut. | helva |
Genitive
| Singular masc. | helvī |
| Singular fem. | helvae |
| Singular neut. | helvī |
| Plural masc. | helvōrum |
| Plural fem. | helvārum |
| Plural neut. | helvōrum |
Dative
| Singular masc. | helvō |
| Singular fem. | helvae |
| Singular neut. | helvō |
| Plural masc. | helvīs |
| Plural fem. | helvīs |
| Plural neut. | helvīs |
Accusative
| Singular masc. | helvum |
| Singular fem. | helvam |
| Singular neut. | helvum |
| Plural masc. | helvōs |
| Plural fem. | helvās |
| Plural neut. | helva |
Ablative
| Singular masc. | helvō |
| Singular fem. | helvā |
| Singular neut. | helvō |
| Plural masc. | helvīs |
| Plural fem. | helvīs |
| Plural neut. | helvīs |
Vocative
| Singular masc. | helve |
| Singular fem. | helva |
| Singular neut. | helvum |
| Plural masc. | helvī |
| Plural fem. | helvae |
| Plural neut. | helva |
Comparison
Sample Sentences
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qui gregem armentorum emere vult, observare debet primum, ut sint eae pecudes aetate potius ad fructos ferendos integrae quam iam expartae; ut sint bene conpositae, [...] colore potissimum nigro, deinde robeo, tertio helvo, quarto albo: mollissimus enim hic, ut durissimus primus. de mediis duobus prior quam posterior in eo prior, utrique plures quam nigri et albi. ((please add an English translation of this quotation)) [116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum 2.7]
-
Sunt et Helvolae, quās nōn nūllī variās appellant, neque purpureae neque nigrae, ab helvō, nisi fallor, colōre vocitātae. (There are also the Helvolae [grapes], which some call variae. They are neither purple nor black; the name, if I'm not wrong, is from the color "dun".) [4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 3.2]
Adjectives inflected like helvus
palmātus,
rēctangulus,
ursīnus,
palmōsus,
negātōrius,
Cimmerius,
fēlīnus,
deltoīdeus,
flūctifragus,
Colōnēus,
recordātīvus,
erēmīticus,
nūnciātōrius,
idōneus,
carcinophagus,
servus,
sentus,
imāginōsus,
chelīdonius,
foetulentus, etc. (List truncated at 20 adjectives)
Etymology
Disputed. De Vaan posits a derivation from Proto-Italic *heliwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-i-wó-s, itself from the addition of *-wos to *ǵʰolh₃-i-s, which is attested in Sanskrit हरि (hari). Nussbaum argues that the term must come from a pre-form *helVwos and would have emerged via the syncopation of the segment *-lVw- (compare Latin solvō, from *seluō). Furthermore, Nussbaum specifies that the pre-form must have been *heliwos at the time /l/ was velarized throughout Latin, as an alternative form would have—according to Nussbaum—evolved into *heɫw- following velarization and then into *holw-, as /eɫ/ evolved into /oɫ/ in initial syllables (compare *welō > volō). Sihler proposes a pre-form *hellwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ghelswo-. Sihler compares the term to Lithuanian gel̃svas, although De Vaan considers the Proto-Indo-European form posited by Sihler to be uncertain, as the only cognate—the Lithuanian term—could have been formed by a productive suffix within Lithuanian. In both proposals, the term ultimately originates from the root *ǵʰelh₃-. It has also been suggested the term is a borrowing from the Sabellic languages.
Verbs referencing "helvus"
English Adjectives
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Translations