top – English verb conjugation

Nominal Forms

Infinitive: to top up sb
Participle: topped up sb
Gerund: topping up sb

Cognates

-

Indicative

Subjunctive

Conditional

Imperative

you	top up sb
we	Let's top up sb
you	top up sb

Indicative

Conditional

Synonyms & Antonyms

Synonyms

To kill, murder.

slay, kill, top off

to be better than

best, better, dwarf, eclipse, exceed, excel, outclass, outdo, outmatch, outperform, outrival, outrun, outshadow, outshine, outstrip, outvie, overshadow, pass, put to shame, surpass, transcend, trump, upstage

excel

exceed, surpass, outdo, beat

prune

crop, truncate, lop, pollard

Additional Information

Phrasal Verbs

Etymology

1. From Middle English top, toppe, from Old English topp (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), of unknown ultimate origin. Compare typologically Latin apex (<< Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“to join, attach, fasten, fit”)).
2. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), Cimbrian sòpf (“braid”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), German Topp (“top of a mast”), Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), Luxembourgish Zapp (“plait, tress”), Vilamovian cöp (“braid, plait”), Yiddish צאָפּ (tsop, “braid”), Danish top (“top”), Icelandic toppur (“top”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Italian zuffa (“brawl”).
3. The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related to Dutch top and dop in this sense, against Standard Dutch tol, and French toupie having this sense.

Sample Sentences