Etymology
1. Etymology tree
2. Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-der.
3. Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-
4. Proto-Indo-European *bʰrénuh₁e-?
5. Proto-Germanic *brinnaną
6. Proto-West Germanic *brinnan
7. Old English biernan
8. ▲
9. Proto-Germanic *brinnaną
10. Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
11. Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
12. Proto-Germanic *-janą
13. Proto-Germanic *brannijaną
14. Proto-West Germanic *brannijan
15. Old English bærnan
16. Old Norse brennabor.
17. Middle English brennen
18. English burn
19. From Middle English barnin, bearne, beerne, beornen, berne, bernen, birne, burne, burnen, bærnen, which arose via the metathesis of branne, brennen, brennyn, brynne, from Old English beornan, biernan, birnan, byrnan, from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-, present stem from *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil; to brew”). The East Midland forms were heavily influenced by Old Norse brenna, brinna (“to burn”). Doublet of brew.
20. The late metathesis of East Midland brin- to birn- (and subsequently burn-) parallels the phonological development of bird and dirt from brid and drit. As this metathesized form became the Chancery Standard, it completely displaced the semantic functions and weak conjugation paradigm of the native Old English bærnan (weak), alongside the surviving remnants of byrnan (strong).
21. Cognates
22. Cognate with Cimbrian prönnan (“to burn”), Dutch barnen, branden (“to burn”), German brinnen (“to burn”), Luxembourgish brennen (“to burn”), Vilamovian brīn (“to burn”), Yiddish ברענען (brenen, “to burn”), Danish brænde (“to burn”), Faroese and Icelandic brenna (“to burn”), Norwegian Bokmål brenne (“to burn”), Norwegian Nynorsk brenna, brenne (“to burn”), Swedish brinna (“to burn”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (brinnan, “to burn”); also Cornish bros (“blazing, boiling”), Irish bruth (“heat; eruption; surf”), Welsh brwd (“eager, keen; passionate, zealous”), Latin defrutum (“grape must reduced by boiling”), Ancient Greek πορφύρω (porphúrō, “to boil, heave”), Albanian burth (“Cyclamen hederifolium; mouth burning”), Armenian աղբյուր (aġbyur, “fountain, spring”), Sanskrit भुर्वन् (bhurvan, “runnel, spring”). More at brew. See: Old English Nouns '
beornan', Old Norse Nouns '
brenna', Old English Nouns '
bærnan', Danish Nouns '
brænde', Irish Nouns '
bruth', Latin Nouns '
defrutum'.
Verbs referencing "burn"
Italian Nouns
bronzo, Ancient Greek Nouns
φρέαρ.