barba – Latin noun declension

Noun: barba
Hyphenation:

Gender: Feminine, Masculine Declension: First

Nominative

Singular	barba
Plural	barbae

Genitive

Singular	barbae
Plural	barbārum

Dative

Singular	barbae
Plural	barbīs

Accusative

Singular	barbam
Plural	barbās

Ablative

Singular	barbā
Plural	barbīs

Vocative

Singular	barba
Plural	barbae

Sample Sentences

Nouns inflected like barba

scōria, meschīta, sewera, zōnula, ecclēsia, concurrentia, satira, satura, satyra, sagīna, sagēna, sarīsa, salīva, salīna, sampsa, samara, sacēna, salvia, sabīna, sculna, etc. (List truncated at 20 nouns)

Etymology

1. Etymology tree
2. Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-?
3. Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂
4. Proto-Italic *farðā
5. Latin barba
6. Inherited from Proto-Italic *farðā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂ (“beard”). Since PIE *bʰ normally became [f] at the start of a Latin word, the initial [b] calls for some explanation. It is generally attributed to long-distance regressive assimilation in voicing and/or manner of articulation (e.g. *farb- > barb-). Italian farfecchie (“moustache”) may have been borrowed from a cognate word in another Italic language. If a relationship with this Italian word is accepted, then the assimilation discussed above must have postdated the common Italic stage.
7. More information
8. Katz (1998 and 2006:335–337) identifies one other potential example of this sound change, berber (found only in the Carmen Arvale; interpreted by Katz as meaning "firm", cognate to firmus, from *dʰer-), and proposes the sound law *fVrb- > bVrb-, noting it has no apparent counterexamples. This sound law is also endorsed by Weiss 2018:439-440 (citing Katz 2006), with the same examples, although Weiss prefers to interpret berber as meaning 'at every door' and derive it from *dʰwer- (“door, gate”) via *dʰwer-dʰwer (citing Weiss 2017 and Ligorio 2012). On the other hand, De Vaan 2008, citing Driessen 2001, considers this rule ad hoc. For comparison, fiber from *bʰébʰrus (with the similar but not identical shape fVbr-) shows a lack of assimilation (Katz 2006:336).
9. Previously, Weiss 2009 suggested the alternative of deriving the */b-/ via long-distance aspirate dissimilation ("limited Latin Grassmann's Law") turning *bʰardʰeh₂ into *bardʰeh₂.

Verbs referencing "barba"

English Nouns beard, Old English Nouns beard, English Nouns barber, French Nouns barbe, Spanish Nouns barbo, Asturian Nouns barba, Catalan Nouns barba, Italian Nouns barba, Spanish Nouns barba, French Nouns barbillon, Romanian Nouns barbă, English Nouns burbot, Romanian Nouns bărbie, Latvian Nouns bārda, Galician Nouns maravalla.

Translations