wrîtan – Proto-Norse verb conjugation

Proto-Norse verb forms of wrîtan

Nominal Forms

Infinitive: wrītan
Participle: writinaR
Gerund: wrītanða

Nominal Forms

Infinitive: ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚫᚾ
Participle: ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᚾᚫᛉ
Gerund: ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚫᚾᚦᚫ

Indicative

Present

Sg.1wrītu
Sg.2wrītiR
Sg.3wrītið
Dual 1wrīt?
Dual 2wrīt?
Pl.1wrītum
Pl.2wrīteð
Pl.3wrītan; wrīta

Present

Sg.1ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢ
Sg.2ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛉ
Sg.3ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᚦ
Dual 1ᚹᚱᛁᛏ?
Dual 2ᚹᚱᛁᛏ?
Pl.1ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢᛗ
Pl.2ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚦ
Pl.3ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚫᚾ; ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚫ

Past

Sg.1wrait
Sg.2wraitst; wraitt
Sg.3wrait
Dual 1writu
Dual 2writ?
Pl.1writum
Pl.2writuð
Pl.3writun; writu

Past

Sg.1ᚹᚱᚫᛁᛏ
Sg.2ᚹᚱᚫᛁᛏᛊᛏ; ᚹᚱᚫᛁᛏᛏ
Sg.3ᚹᚱᚫᛁᛏ
Dual 1ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢ
Dual 2ᚹᚱᛁᛏ?
Pl.1ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢᛗ
Pl.2ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢᚦ
Pl.3ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢᚾ; ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢ

Optative

Present

Sg.1wrītā
Sg.2wrītēR
Sg.3wrītē
Dual 1wrīt?
Dual 2wrīt?
Pl.1wrītēm
Pl.2wrītēd
Pl.3wrītēn; wrītē

Present

Sg.1ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚫ
Sg.2ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᛉ
Sg.3ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖ
Dual 1ᚹᚱᛁᛏ?
Dual 2ᚹᚱᛁᛏ?
Pl.1ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᛗ
Pl.2ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᛞ
Pl.3ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚾ; ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖ

Subjunctive

Past

Sg.1writiā
Sg.2writīR
Sg.3writĭ̄
Dual 1writ?
Dual 2writ?
Pl.1writīm
Pl.2writīð
Pl.3writīn; writī

Past

Sg.1ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᚫ
Sg.2ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛉ
Sg.3ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁ
Dual 1ᚹᚱᛁᛏ?
Dual 2ᚹᚱᛁᛏ?
Pl.1ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛗ
Pl.2ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᚦ
Pl.3ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᚾ; ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁ

Imperative

Sg.2wrīt
Sg.3wrīt
Dual 1wrīt?
Dual 2wrīt?
Pl.1wrītum
Pl.2wrīteð
Pl.3wrīt?
Sg.2ᚹᚱᛁᛏ
Sg.3ᚹᚱᛁᛏ
Dual 1ᚹᚱᛁᛏ?
Dual 2ᚹᚱᛁᛏ?
Pl.1ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢᛗ
Pl.2ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚦ
Pl.3ᚹᚱᛁᛏ?

Verbs conjugated like wrîtan

rîstan, wrîtan,

Sample Sentences

  • Ek erilaz Mariþeubaz haite, wrait alaþo(?). ᚽᚴ ᚽᚱᛁᛚᛅz ᛘᛅᚱᛁᚦᚽᚢᛒᛅz ᚼᛅᛁᛏᚽ, ᚢᚱᛅᛁᛏ ᛅᛚᛅᚦᚬ(?). I the eril am called Mariþeubaz (= the sea thief / the famous thief), I wrote a nourishing charm(?).
  • Leubaz(?) haite. Hrabnaz haite. Ek, erilaz, runoz writu. ᛚᚽᚢᛒᛅz(?) ᚼᛅᛁᛏᚽ. ᚼᚱᛅᛒᚾᛅz ᚼᛅᛁᛏᚽ. ᚽᚴ, ᚽᚱᛁᛚᛅz, ᚱᚢᚾᚬz ᚢᚱᛁᛏᚢ. Leubaz am I called. Hrafn am I called. I, the eril, write the runes.

Cognates

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