úr – Old Norse noun declension

Old Norse noun forms of úr

Noun: úr
Gender: n

Nominative

Sg. Indef.úr
Sg. Def.úrit
Pl. Indef.úr
Pl. Def.úrin

Genitive

Sg. Indef.úrs
Sg. Def.úrsins
Pl. Indef.úra
Pl. Def.úranna

Dative

Sg. Indef.úri
Sg. Def.úrinu
Pl. Indef.úrum
Pl. Def.úrunum

Accusative

Sg. Indef.úr
Sg. Def.úrit
Pl. Indef.úr
Pl. Def.úrin

Sample Sentences

  • ᚢ (úr) er af illu jarne; opt løypr ræinn á hjarne. (ᚢ (sparks) is of ill iron; often leap the raindeer over the frozen snowcover.) [c. 13th c., “Norwegian rune poem”, in an unknown manuscript:]
  • ᚢ (úr) er af eldu járne; opt løypr ræinn á hjarne. (ᚢ (sparks) is of fired iron; often leap the raindeer over the frozen snowcover.) [1651, Ole Worm, “Norwegian rune poem”, in Runir, seu, Danica literatura antiqvissima:]
  • Svæfn bannar mér,
  • sótt er barna,
  • fjón svinkanda,
  • fjalls íbúi,
  • hests ærfaði,
  • auk heys víti,
  • þræls vansæla,
  • þat skulu ráða. ([It's/She's] sleep preventing me;
  • k – ‘[it's/she's] sickness of children (= kaun)
  • u – hate of workers (= úr)
  • þ – mountain's inhabitant (= þurs)
  • r – horse's work (= reið)
  • u – and hay's destruction (= úr)
  • n – thrall's unhappiness (= nauð)
  • that shall prevail.) [c. 1200, [kuþrun = Guðrun] inscription from the old church in Bø, Telemark:]
  • ᚢ (úr) er skýgia grátur ok skæra þverrir ok hirðis hatur. (ᚢ (precipitation) is clouds' tears and 'mown hay'-destroyer and shepherd's hatred.) [c. 1500, “Icelandic rune poem of ᚢ”, in AM 687 d 4°:]
  • ᚢᛦ ᛁ Vᛅᛋᛏᛆᚿ Vᛅᚧᚱ (Precipitation in western weather) [1599, Johannes Bureus, “Swedish rune poem of ᚢ”, in Runakenslanes läraspån:]
  • ŭrvaͤder vaͤrʃt (Windy precipitation worst) [1600, Nicolaus Granius, “Swedish rune poem of ᚢ”, in Granius Vulcanius:]
  • 𝔙𝔲𝔯 𝔦 𝔚𝔞ͤʃ𝔱𝔞𝔫𝔴𝔞ͤ𝔡𝔢𝔯 𝔦.𝔢. 𝔘𝔯𝔴𝔞ͤ𝔡𝔢𝔯/𝔬𝔯𝔴𝔦𝔫𝔱𝔢𝔯 (Precipitation in Weastern weather, i.e. windy rain/blustery winter) [1685, Georg Stiernhielm, “Swedish rune poem of ᚢ”, in Anticluverius, page 156:]
  • Úr er skýja grátr. Skaði þerris og hirðis hatr ... hláka hríð. Himinn-svite ... undir-rót svella. (Úr is clouds' tears. Damage to dryness and shepherd’s hate ... thaw's storm. Heaven's sweat ... cause of swells (waves).) [1732, “Icelandic rune poem of ᚢ”, in Runologia:]
  • ᚢᚱ ᛁ ᚢᛆᛋᛏᛆᚿ ᚢᛁᚱᛋᛏ (Precipitation in western worst) [1776, Sven Digelius, “Swedish rune poem of ᚢ”, in Runkalender i nya stilen:]

Nouns inflected like úr

ennitungl, augnamein, biskupskør, brimsvín, ím, úr, ef, ok, ástig, aflát, amboð, grjót, beizl, brauð, hljóð, haust, hvísl, naust, tungl, kveld, etc. (List truncated at 20 nouns)

Etymology

1. Potentially from Proto-Germanic *ūrą (“water, rain; wetness”), from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade form of *weh₁r- (“water”). Related to Old English ūrig (“moist”), Latin ūrīna (“urine”). Also Old Norse *vār (“pus, bodily gunk”), Old English wær (“sea”), Old Prussian wurs (“pool”), Sanskrit वार् (vā́r, “water”).
2. The many descendants show a clear connection with precipitation, often coupled with wind, but varies greatly in terms of what precipitation is specified, from snow, to rain, to drizzle etc, as well as the strength of wind, from light wind, to storm. Compare dialectal Danish ur (“haze”), Old Icelandic úr (“drizzle, spray”), Norwegian ur (“rainy weather in the mountains”), yr (“drizzle; dew; snowfall”), yra (“to drizzle”), Swedish ur (“windy precipitation; blustery and profuse snowfall”), i ur och skur (“through stormy snow and rain”, literally “in ur and shower”), yr (“windy precipitation; blustery and profuse snowfall; swirling, bluster; drizzle, spray”), yra (“snowstorm”), dialectal Swedish ura (“to drizzle”), Gutnish starur (“springtime snowy or rainy weather”, literally “starling-ur”).
3. The common wind/storm-component might be a later introduction; compare the compunds of Norwegian yrvær (“blowing snow, snowstorm”), Swedish urväder (“bad weather involving ur”), yrväder (“blustery weather; blowing snow, snowstorm”), recorded from ca. 1430, compounding ur/yr, with weather, which initially meant “air in motion, blowing”. However, if related to Alemannic German urig (“ragin (of the weather)”), then the wind/storm component could be an older Pan-Germanic sense. Further compare potential further related words, like dialectal Swedish urrig (“ruffled”), urra (“to ruffle”), urr (“ruffle”), which all also have analog senses regarding shivering. See: Latin Nouns 'ūrīna', Old Norse Nouns '*var', Old English Nouns 'wær', Danish Nouns 'ur', Icelandic Nouns 'úr', Swedish Nouns 'ur'.

Verbs referencing "úr"

Old English Nouns ora, Norwegian Nynorsk Nouns yr, Latvian Nouns jūra, Icelandic Nouns ýra, Old Norse Nouns var.

Translations