tirgus – Latvian noun declension

Noun: tirgus
Hyphenation:

Gender: Declension:

Singular

Nominative	tirgus
Accusative	tirgu
Genitive	tirgus
Dative	tirgum
Instrumental	tirgu
Locative	tirgū
Vocative	tirgus

Plural

Nominative	tirgi
Accusative	tirgus
Genitive	tirgu
Dative	tirgiem
Instrumental	tirgiem
Locative	tirgos
Vocative	tirgi

Sample Sentences

tirgus laukums (market square, marketplace)
tirgus burzma (market bustle)
rudens tirgus (autumn market)
zivju tirgus (fish market)
puķu tirgus (flower market)
tirgus cena (market price)
tirgus soma (market bag)
iepirkties tirgū (to shop in the market)
vest uz tirgu ābolus (to take apples to the market)
gada tirgus, gadatirgus (year market, fair)
nedeļas tirgus (weekly market)
tirgus sieva (market woman (i.e., who trades in a market))
krāmu tirgus (flea market (where common, used objects are sold))
melnais tirgus (black market (= illegal market))
netaisiet tirgu! (don't make a market! (= confusion, noise))
drīz vien bērni sāka kliegt cits caur citu: sacēlas īsts tirgus (soon the children started shouting at each other: a real market (= confusion, uproar) arose)
iekšējais, vietējais, ārējais tirgus (internal, local, foreign market)
starptautiskais tirgus (international market)
naftas tirgus (the oil market)
brīvais tirgus (free market)
brīvā tirgus ekonomika (free market economy)
tirgus attiecības (market relations)
pasaules tirgus (the world market (= international trade system))

Nouns inflected like tirgus

dienvidus, ledus, vidus, apvidus, lietus, tirgus, virsus,

Etymology

Some consider this word borrowed from Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ, “market, commerce”), which agrees with the u in Lithuanian (and Latvian dialectal) tur̃gus, but not with the i in standard tirgus. Others propose that it is the natural development of Proto-Baltic *terg-, *tirg-, from Proto-Indo-European *ter-, *tor-, *tr̥- (“to make noise, to talk a lot”) (whence Latvian tērzēt, tirzāt (“to chat, to chatter”), q.v.) with an extra -g (whence also Latvian tērgot, tērgāt (“to chat, to chatter”), where the long ē is secondary; q.v.). The semantic evolution would be, in this case: “much (loud) talking” > “noise, bustle” (still currently attested; see below) > “(place where there is) much noise, bustle” > “place where people meet, village square, market.” In the 18th and 19th centuries, the meaning “price” is also attested. Cognates include Lithuanian tur̃gus, Proto-Slavic *tъrgъ (Old Church Slavonic тръгъ (trŭgŭ, “people gathering, market, marketplace”), Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ), торгъ (torgŭ, “market, commerce”), Russian, Ukrainian торг (torg, “commerce; (arch.) market; (pl.) auction”), Bulgarian търг (tărg, “auction; commerce”), Czech trh (“market”), Polish targ (“market”)), Old Norse, Icelandic, Swedish torg (“market, marketplace”), Danish torv (“market, marketplace”), Albanian treg (“market”). See: Bulgarian Nouns 'търг', Czech Nouns 'trh', Polish Nouns 'targ', Swedish Nouns 'torg', Danish Nouns 'torv'.