Noun: inde
Hyphenation:
Gender: Feminine
Declension:
Singular
| Nominative | inde |
| Accusative | indi |
| Genitive | indes |
| Dative | indei |
| Instrumental | indi |
| Locative | indē |
| Vocative | inde |
Plural
| Nominative | indes |
| Accusative | indes |
| Genitive | inžu |
| Dative | indēm |
| Instrumental | indēm |
| Locative | indēs |
| Vocative | indes |
Sample Sentences
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bišu inde (bee venom)
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čūsku inde (snake venom)
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indes koncentrācija (poison concentration)
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čūsku indes zobi (snake venom teeth)
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indes dziedzeri (venom glands)
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sagatavot indi (to prepare poison)
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neitralizēt indi (to neutralize poison)
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mūsdienu zinātnei labi zināma ļoti iedarbīga inde: kālija cianīds (a very effective poison is well known to modern science: potassium cyanide)
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tabakas lapas satur nikotīnu, kas ir stipra sirds inde (the tobacco leaf contains nicotine, which is a strong poison for the heart)
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viņš nestrīdas pretim... bet šaubu un neticības indi pa kādam pilienam iepilina katrā sarunā (he did not counterargue... but he added doubt and drops of the poison of unbelief in every conversation)
Nouns inflected like inde
paparde,
sekunde,
desmitgade,
saspraude,
šķēde,
bilde,
klade,
pelde,
varde,
valde,
raude,
spīde,
sirde,
ziede,
šokolāde,
atbilde,
tūkstošgade,
dzemde,
metode,
iegāde, etc. (List truncated at 20 nouns)
Etymology
A 20th-century neologism, introduced in the Scientific Terminology Dictionary (Riga, 1922) to replace a previous Germanism, ģifts. The word was coined by shortening the (old-fashioned, dialectal) word indeve (“illness, disease; bad disposition; evil spirit; poison”), which J. Endzelīns considered either an old Curonian term or a borrowing from Lithuanian (cf. Lithuanian dialectal indėvė (“poison; evil, evil spirit”)), perhaps formed from a prefix *in- (Latvian ie-) and the verb dot (“to give”) or dēt (“to lay (eggs); orig. to put”). The meaning evolution would be similar to that of German Gift: from “something given, put (in)” to “poison.” Another possibility, suggested by the “evil spirit” meaning of the Lithuanian cognate (also attested in older Latvian sources as a name for the devil), is that indeve might come from *in- (“negative”) + dievs, i.e. “no-god” > “evil, evil spirit” (cf. similarly formed nedievs). It is also possible that two similar words, meaning “disease” and “evil spirit,” became homophonous and merged as indeve. It has also been suggested that Middle Dutch inde (“end; death”), inden (“to end life, to die”) could also have influenced indeve, given the strong presence of Dutch sailors and craftsmen in the times of the old Duchy of Courland (1561-1726). See: German Nouns '
Gift'.
Translations