Noun: hostis
Hyphenation:
Gender: Masculine, Feminine
Declension: Third
Nominative
| Singular | hostis |
| Plural | hostēs |
Genitive
| Singular | hostis |
| Plural | hostium |
Dative
| Singular | hostī |
| Plural | hostibus |
Accusative
| Singular | hostem |
| Plural | hostēs; hostīs |
Ablative
| Singular | hoste |
| Plural | hostibus |
Vocative
| Singular | hostis |
| Plural | hostēs |
Sample Sentences
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Exīre ex urbe iubet cōnsul hostem. (The consul orders an enemy to depart from the city.) [63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.13]
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Deinde, eiusdem arrogantiae, prōverbium iactātur: totidem hostēs esse quot servōs. Nōn habēmus illōs hostēs, sed facimus. (Then, [out] of the same arrogance, the old saying is tossed around: as many enemies as [there are] slaves. Not [that] we have those enemies, but we make [them].
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(Seneca argues that enslaved people are not inherently enemies, but are made so by the cruelty of their enslavers.)) [c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.5]
Nouns inflected like hostis
scobis,
sellāris,
frātruēlis,
emphasis,
auriculāris,
draconcopedis,
baculāris,
concīvis,
emphyteosis,
hyoseris,
rebellis,
seselis,
apocatastasis,
padūlis,
prŏneptis,
decēris,
bipennis,
prognōsis,
scrobis,
versipellis, etc. (List truncated at 20 nouns)
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *hostis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”), whence also Proto-Germanic *gastiz (English guest) and Proto-Slavic *gostь. Varro (de lingua latina 5.4) confirms this: tum eō verbō dīcēbant peregrīnum …, nunc dīcunt eum quem tum dīcēbant perduellem. ("Back then this word meant a stranger, today it means the same as perduellis - an enemy of the state."). See: English Nouns '
guest'.
Verbs referencing "hostis"
Catalan Nouns
host, German Nouns
Gast, French Nouns
ost, Old English Nouns
giest, Middle English Nouns
oost, Portuguese Nouns
hoste, Latvian Nouns
draugs, Spanish Nouns
hueste, Asturian Nouns
güestia.
Translations