Kazakh is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia. It is closely related to Nogai, Kyrgyz and Karakalpak. A finite verb form consists of a verbal stem + tense-aspect or mood marker suffixes + personal marker (possessive or pronominal). The possessive-based personal markers are used in the simple past and the optative-imperative, those of pronominal origin elsewhere.