turn – English verb conjugation

Nominal Forms

Infinitive: to turn down sth
Participle: turned down sth
Gerund: turning down sth

Cognates

Indicative

Present

I	turn down sth
you	turn down sth
he;she;it	turns down sth
we	turn down sth
you	turn down sth
they	turn down sth

Perfect

I	have turned down sth
you	have turned down sth
he;she;it	has turned down sth
we	have turned down sth
you	have turned down sth
they	have turned down sth

Past

I	turned down sth
you	turned down sth
he;she;it	turned down sth
we	turned down sth
you	turned down sth
they	turned down sth

Pluperfect

I	had turned down sth
you	had turned down sth
he;she;it	had turned down sth
we	had turned down sth
you	had turned down sth
they	had turned down sth

Future

I	will turn down sth
you	will turn down sth
he;she;it	will turn down sth
we	will turn down sth
you	will turn down sth
they	will turn down sth

Future Perfect

I	will have turned down sth
you	will have turned down sth
he;she;it	will have turned down sth
we	will have turned down sth
you	will have turned down sth
they	will have turned down sth

Subjunctive

Present

I	turn down sth
you	turn down sth
he;she;it	turn down sth
we	turn down sth
you	turn down sth
they	turn down sth

Perfect

I	have turned down sth
you	have turned down sth
he;she;it	have turned down sth
we	have turned down sth
you	have turned down sth
they	have turned down sth

Imperfect

I	turned down sth
you	turned down sth
he;she;it	turned down sth
we	turned down sth
you	turned down sth
they	turned down sth

Pluperfect

I	had turned down sth
you	had turned down sth
he;she;it	had turned down sth
we	had turned down sth
you	had turned down sth
they	had turned down sth

Conditional

Present

I	would turn down sth
you	would turn down sth
he;she;it	would turn down sth
we	would turn down sth
you	would turn down sth
they	would turn down sth

Perfect

I	would have turned down sth
you	would have turned down sth
he;she;it	would have turned down sth
we	would have turned down sth
you	would have turned down sth
they	would have turned down sth

Imperative

you	turn down sth
we	Let's turn down sth
you	turn down sth

Progressive (Continuous) Forms

Indicative

Present

I	am turning down sth
you	are turning down sth
he;she;it	is turning down sth
we	are turning down sth
you	are turning down sth
they	are turning down sth

Perfect

I	have been turning down sth
you	have been turning down sth
he;she;it	has been turning down sth
we	have been turning down sth
you	have been turning down sth
they	have been turning down sth

Past

I	was turning down sth
you	were turning down sth
he;she;it	was turning down sth
we	were turning down sth
you	were turning down sth
they	were turning down sth

Pluperfect

I	had been turning down sth
you	had been turning down sth
he;she;it	had been turning down sth
we	had been turning down sth
you	had been turning down sth
they	had been turning down sth

Future

I	will be turning down sth
you	will be turning down sth
he;she;it	will be turning down sth
we	will be turning down sth
you	will be turning down sth
they	will be turning down sth

Future Perfect

I	will have been turning down sth
you	will have been turning down sth
he;she;it	will have been turning down sth
we	will have been turning down sth
you	will have been turning down sth
they	will have been turning down sth

Conditional

Present

I	would be turning down sth
you	would be turning down sth
he;she;it	would be turning down sth
we	would be turning down sth
you	would be turning down sth
they	would be turning down sth

Perfect

I	would have been turning down sth
you	would have been turning down sth
he;she;it	would have been turning down sth
we	would have been turning down sth
you	would have been turning down sth
they	would have been turning down sth

Other

Verbs conjugated like 'turn'

abandon, abduct, abear, aberr, abject, abord, abort, abound, abraid, abray, abrook, abscind, abscond, absist, absorb, abstain, abstract, accend, accent, accept, etc. (List truncated at 20 verbs)

Verbs similar to 'turn'

burn, gurn, nurn, tun, turf, urn, barn, beturn, bun, burk,

Synonyms & Antonyms

Synonyms

to have something as a necessary condition: depend, hang, hinge, lean, rely, rest, stay
to give something a shape and definition: beshape, form, shape, transmogrify
revolve: circle, rotate, spin, gyrate
change: avert, divert, alter, convert, transform, metamorphose, transmute, transfer

Antonyms

change: constancy, stability, immutability, firmness

Additional Information

Phrasal Verbs

Etymology

1. late O.E. turnian "to rotate, revolve," in part also from O.Fr. torner "to turn," both from L. tornare "turn on a lathe," from tornus "lathe," from Gk. tornos "lathe, tool for drawing circles," from PIE base *ter- "to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist" (see throw). Expression to turn (something) into (something else) probably retains the classical sense of "to shape on a lathe" (attested in Eng. from c.1305). To turn up "arrive" is recorded from 1755. Turning-point in the fig. sense is attested from 1836. Turn-off "something that dampens one's spirits" first recorded 1975 (said to have been in use since 1968); to turn (someone) on "excite, stimulate, arouse" is recorded from 1903. Someone should revive turn-sick "dizzy," which is attested from c.1440. To turn (something) loose "set free" is recorded from 1598. Turn around (v.) "reverse" is first attested 1880, Amer.Eng. Turn down (v.) "reject" first recorded 1891, Amer.Eng. Turn in "go to bed" is attested from 1695, originally nautical. To turn the stomach "nauseate" is recorded from 1622. To turn up one's nose as an expression of contempt is attested from 1779.
2. Etymology tree
3. Proto-Indo-European *terh₁-
4. Proto-Indo-European *-nos
5. Proto-Indo-European *tórh₁nos
6. Proto-Hellenic *tórnos
7. Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos)bor.
8. Latin tornus
9. Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
10. Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
11. Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
12. Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
13. Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
14. Proto-Italic *-ājō
15. Proto-Italic *-āō
16. Latin -ō
17. Latin tornōbor.
18. Proto-West Germanic *turnēn
19. Old English turnian
20. ▲
21. Latin tornō
22. Old French tornerbor.
23. Middle English turnen
24. English turn
25. From Middle English turnen, from Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”), from Proto-West Germanic *turnēn (“to turn, lathe”) (also the source of German turnen and its derivatives) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “turning-lathe: a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”). Cognate with Old English þrāwan (“to turn, twist, wind”), whence English throw. Displaced native Middle English wenden from Old English wendan (see wend), and Middle English trenden from Old English trendan (see trend), among several other terms. See: Middle English 'turnen', Old English 'turnian', German, old spelling 'turnen', Old French 'torner', English 'throw'.

Verbs referencing "turn"

Esperanto torni, Ido turnar, Esperanto turni, Spanish tornar, German, old spelling turnen, Tok Pisin tanim, Norwegian, nynorsk tørne.

Sample Sentences

[...] weather. I had not at that time seen the ideal presentment of this chamber which has since gratified me so much, but I observed that one of our friends who had made the arrangements for our voyage, turned pale on entering, retreated on the friend behind him, smote his forehead involuntarily, and said below his breath, ‘Impossible ! it cannot be!’ or words to that effect. He recovered himself [...] (American Notes for General Circulation)
[...] water, the thin white crust of morning ice upon the decks which crackled with a sharp and cheerful sound beneath the lightest tread, was irresistible. And when, again upon the shore, we turned and saw from the vessel 's mast her name signalled in flags of joyous colours, and fluttering by their side the beautiful American banner with its stars and stripes,—the long three thousand miles [...] (American Notes for General Circulation)
And there she is ! all eyes are turned to where she lies, dimly discernible through the gathering fog of the early winter afternoon; every finger is pointed in the same direction; and murmurs of interest and admiration—as ‘How beautiful [...] (American Notes for General Circulation)
[...] down for the moment anywhere. Three cheers more: and as the first one rings upon our ears, the vessel throbs like a strong giant that has just received the breath of life; the two great wheels turn fiercely round for the first time; and the noble ship, with wind and tide astern, breaks proudly through the lashed and roaming water. (American Notes for General Circulation)
[...] there were no invalids as yet; and walking, and smoking, and drinking of brandy-and-water (but always in the open air ), went on with unabated spirit, until eleven o’clock or thereabouts, when ‘turning in’—no sailor of seven hours ’ experience talks of going to bed—became the order of the night. The perpetual tramp of boot-heels on the decks gave place to a heavy silence, and the whole human [...] (American Notes for General Circulation)
“ I don't want to make my fortune on her, ” said Mr. Shelby, dryly; and, seeking to turn the conversation, he uncorked a bottle of fresh wine, and asked his companion's opinion of it. (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)
[...] stray boxes. Everything sloped the wrong way: which in itself was an aggravation scarcely to be borne. I had left the door open, a moment before, in the bosom of a gentle declivity, and, when I turned to shut it, it was on the summit of a lofty eminence. Now every plank and timber creaked, as if the ship were made of wicker-work; and now crackled, like an enormous fire of the driest possible [...] (American Notes for General Circulation)
[...] glasses are again upon the table; and after an hour 's pleasant conversation about the ship, the passengers, and things in general, the captain (who never goes to bed, and is never out of humour ) turns up his coat collar for the deck again; shakes hands all round; and goes laughing out into the weather as merrily as to a birthday party. (American Notes for General Circulation)
[...] and shoals of all kinds, but had happily drifted, it seemed, upon the only safe speck that was to be found thereabouts. Eased by this report, and by the assurance that the tide was past the ebb, we turned in at three o’clock in the morning. (American Notes for General Circulation)
[...] III The Husband and Father Mrs. Shelby had gone on her visit, and Eliza stood in the verandah, rather dejectedly looking after the retreating carriage, when a hand was laid on her shoulder. She turned, and a bright smile lighted up her fine eyes. (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)
I turned around and I 'm like, " Officer, I forgot something. (Hell of a Summer)
[ suspenseful music continues ] [dramatic music] [tense music] [ turns off shower ] (Shadows of Willow Cabin)
I mean, it's-it's math turned English in my head, translated into words. (Disclosure Day)
What if you turn the tables tomorrow morning ? There is no time to argue, Sir. (Nunakuzhi)

turn – English verb conjugation

English verb forms of turn

Nominal Forms

Cognates

Indicative

Present

Perfect

Past

Pluperfect

Future

Future Perfect

Subjunctive

Present

Perfect

Imperfect

Pluperfect

Conditional

Present

Perfect

Imperative

Progressive (Continuous) Forms

Indicative

Present

Perfect

Past

Pluperfect

Future

Future Perfect

Conditional

Present

Perfect

Other

Verbs conjugated like 'turn'

Verbs similar to 'turn'

Synonyms & Antonyms

Synonyms

Antonyms

Additional Information

Phrasal Verbs

Etymology

Verbs referencing "turn"

Sample Sentences