Etymology
1. O.E.
stelan "to commit a theft" (class IV strong verb; past tense
stæl, pp.
stolen), from P.Gmc.
*stelanan (cf. O.S.
stelan, O.N., O.Fris.
stela, Du.
stelen, O.H.G.
stelan, Ger.
stehlen, Goth.
stilan), of unknown origin. Most IE words for steal have roots in notions of "hide," "carry off," or "collect, heap up." Attested as a verb of stealthy motion from c.1300 (e.g. to
steal away, c.1369); of glances, sighs, etc., from 1586. The noun meaning "a bargain" is Amer.Eng. colloquial attested by 1942; baseball sense of "a stolen base" is from 1867. To
steal (someone) blind first recorded 1974.
2. Etymology tree
3. Proto-Germanic *stelaną
4. Proto-West Germanic *stelan
5. Old English stelan
6. Middle English stelen
7. English steal
8. Inherited from Middle English stelen, from Old English stelan, from Proto-West Germanic *stelan, from Proto-Germanic *stelaną.
9. Cognate with Bavarian stöhn (“to steal”), Dutch stelen (“to steal”), German and Low German stehlen (“to steal”), Luxembourgish stielen (“to steal”), Danish stjæle (“to steal”), Faroese stjala (“to steal”), Icelandic stela (“to steal”), Norwegian Bokmål stjele (“to steal”), Norwegian Nynorsk stela, stele (“to steal”), Swedish stjäla (“to steal”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (stilan, “to steal”). For the meaning development compare with Russian красть (krastʹ, “to steal”) and Russian кра́сться (krástʹsja, “to stalk, to prowl, to slink”).
10. etymology notes
11. Proposed etymologies beyond Germanic are numerous and include
12. * Proto-Indo-European *ster-: compare Welsh herw (“theft, raid”), Ancient Greek στερέω (steréō, “to deprive of”)
13. * Proto-Indo-European *stel(H)- (“to stretch”): compare Albanian pë/mbështjell (“to confuse, mess up, mix, wrap up”), Old Church Slavonic стєлѭ (steljǫ, “I spread out (bed, roof)”), Ancient Greek τηλία (tēlía, “playing table”)
14. * Proto-Indo-European *tsel- (“to sneak”): compare Sanskrit त्सरति (tsárati, “creep, sneak up on”) and other forms under Pokorny 5. *sel- "schleichen, kriechen" See: Dutch '
stelen', Luxembourgish '
stielen', Danish '
stjæle', Faroese '
stjala', Icelandic '
stela', Norwegian '
stjele', Norwegian, nynorsk '
stela', Swedish '
stjäla', Sanskrit '
त्सरति'.
Verbs referencing "steal"
Tok Pisin stilim.