Etymology
1. c.1200, north England and E. Midlands var. of
echen from O.E.
ecan, eacan, eacian "addition, reinforcement," probably from
eaca "an increase," from P.Gmc.
*aukan (cf. O.N.
auka, O.Fris.
aka, Goth.
aukan), from PIE
*aug- "to increase" (see augment). Now mainly in phrase
to eke out (1596). It means "to make something go further or last longer;" you can
eke out your income by taking a second job, but you can't
eke out your miserable existence. Obsolete
eke "also" (O.E.
eac, Ger.
auch) is probably related.
2. The noun is derived from Middle English eke (“addition, increase, enlargement”), from Old English ēaca, from Proto-Germanic *aukô, from *aukaną (“to increase, add, enlarge”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“to enlarge, increase”). The English noun is cognate with Old Frisian āka (“addition, increase; bonus”), Old Norse auki (“growth, increase, proliferation”).
3. The verb is derived partly:
4. * from the noun; and
5. * from Middle English eken (“to increase, add, enlarge”) [and other forms], from three distinct verbs (1) Old English īeċan (“to increase, add, enlarge”) (transitive), (2) ēacan (“to be enlarged or increased”), and (3) ēacian, all from Proto-Germanic *aukaną (“to grow, increase”); see further above.
6. The English verb is cognate with Latin augeō (“to augment, increase; to enlarge, expand, spread; to lengthen; to exaggerate; to enrich; to honour; (figuratively) to exalt, praise”), Old English ēac (“also”), Old Norse auka (“to augment, increase; to add; to exceed, surpass”), Icelandic auka (“to augment, increase to add; to exceed, surpass”), (Danish øge (“to enhance; to increase”), Norwegian Bokmål øke (“to increase”), Norwegian Nynorsk auka (“to increase”), Swedish öka (“to increase”)). See: Proto-Germanic '
*aukaną', Latin '
augeō', Icelandic '
auka', Danish '
øge', Norwegian '
øke', Norwegian, nynorsk '
auka', Swedish '
öka'.
Verbs referencing "eke"
Swedish
öka, Faroese
økja, Icelandic
auka, Faroese
eyka, Latin
augeo, Danish
øge.