Etymology
1. O.E.
durran "to brave danger," from P.Gmc.
*ders-, from PIE
*dhers- (cf. Skt.
dadharsha "to be bold," O.Pers.
darš- "to dare," Gk.
thrasys "bold," O.C.S.
druzate "to be bold, dare"). An O.E. irregular preterite-present verb:
darr, dearst, dear were first, second and third person singular present indicative; mostly regularized 16c., though past tense
dorste survived as
durst, but is now dying, persisting mainly in northern Eng. dialect. Meaning "to challenge or defy (someone)" is first recorded 1580.
Daredevil is from 1794.
2. From Middle English durren, from Old English durran, from Proto-West Germanic *durʀan, from Proto-Germanic *durzaną (“to dare”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse (“to dare”), reduplicated stative of the root *dʰers- (“to be bold, to dare”), an *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).
3. Cognates
4. Cognate with Low German dören, Dutch durven, German thüren, Sanskrit दधर्ष (dadhárṣa), but also with Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús), Albanian nder, Lithuanian drįsti, Russian дерза́ть (derzátʹ). See: Middle English '
durren', Old English '
durran', Proto-Germanic '
*durzaną', Proto-Indo-European '
*dʰedʰórse', Low Saxon 'dören', Dutch '
durven', German, old spelling '
thüren', Lithuanian '
drįsti', Russian '
дерза́ть'.
Verbs referencing "dare"
Russian
держать, Sanskrit
धृष्णोति, Russian
дерзать, Proto-Slavic
dьrzati, German, old spelling
thüren, Cimbrian töoran.